Four-wheel drive (4x4) explained Four-wheel drive, All-wheel drive, AWD, 4WD, or 4x4 ("four by four") is a four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to ...

Replace Car Clutch and Adjust To replace a clutch disc the transmission must be removed. A clutch is a requirement on any vehicle with a manual transmission. Its purpose is to ...

Automotive clutch explained A clutch is a mechanical device that provides for the transmission of power (and therefore usually motion) from one component (the driving member) to ...

How to Replace a Clutch Master Cylinder The clutch master cylinder is a unit that is designed to operate the clutch secondary-slave cylinder to disengage the transmission from ...

Automotive Continuously variable transmission A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a transmission that can change steplessly through an infinite number of effective gear ...

How a Car CV Axle Joint Works A CV joint or constant velocity joint is a type of mechanism that connects two fixed rotating shafts. This joint allows the shafts to be connected ...

How a car Differential Axle Works So what, exactly, is the rear axle for and what does it do? Well, it has three main functions - First, to receive the power from the engine (via ...

Differential Types explained A differential is a device, usually, but not necessarily, employing gears, which is connected to the outside world by three shafts, chains, or ...

Car Dropped axle explained A dropped axle is the axle of a vehicle that is bent upwards towards the ends, i.e. the centre is 'dropped'. This gives two advantages: the centre of ...

Car Front-wheel-drive (FF) explained FF layout Front-wheel-drive layouts are those in which the front wheels of the vehicle are driven. The most popular layout used in cars today ...

Automotive Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive (FMR) In automotive design, a front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (FMR) is one that places the engine in the front, with the ...

Freewheel explained In mechanical or automotive engineering, a freewheel or overrunning clutch is a device in a transmission that disengages the driveshaft from the driven shaft ...

Heel-and-toe technique explained Heel-and-toe is a driving technique used mostly in performance driving,although some drivers use it on the road in everyday conditions in the ...

Limited-slip differential (LSD) A limited-slip differential (LSD) is a type of automotive differential gear arrangement that allows for some difference in angular velocity of the ...

Automotive Mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout (M4) Explained In automotive design, an M4, or Mid-engine, Four-wheel-drive layout places the internal combustion engine in the ...

(MF) Mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout In automotive design a MF, or Mid-engine, Front-wheel-drive layout is one in which the front road wheels are driven by an ...

Vehicle, Drive layout (R4) Rear-engine, four-wheel-drive layout In automotive design, an R4, or Rear-engine, Four-wheel-drive layout places the internal combustion engine at the ...

Automotive Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (RMR) In automotive design, a RMR or Rear Mid-engine, Rear-wheel-drive layout is one in which the rear wheels are driven by an ...

Short shifter A short shifter, also known as a short throw shifter, is the result of an automotive aftermarket modification of the manual transmissions' stick shift either by ...

Torque vectoring Torque vectoring is a new technology being employed in automobile differentials. A differential is used to transfer engine torque to the wheels. Torque vectoring ...