History and Technological advancement of Automobiles
Car innovations design history and theory, from the last 100 years.
Drivetrain
Electrical & electronic
Engine components
Engines
Induction-extraction
Suspension types
Vehicle Body
Wheels & Brakes ABS Anti-Lock Brakes
ABS Anti-Lock Brake Systems Anti Lock Brake ABS Operation and Description The antilock brake system or the ABS control unit helps to maintain control and directional stability of an automobile in case of extreme braking circumstances. This is achieved by controlling the rotational speed of every wh ...
Active Power Stabilizer Suspension System
Car Active Stabilizer Suspension System (APSSS) Active Power Stabilizer Suspension System (APSSS), also known as Active Power Stabilizer Suspension System, is an electric active suspension system developed by Toyota Motor Corporation for its high-end vehicles including Lexus models. By altering sta ...
Aftercooler (Charge air cooler)
Charge air cooler explained A charge air cooler is used to cool engine air after it has passed through a turbocharger, but before it enters the engine. The idea is to return the air to a lower temperature, for the optimum power for the combustion process within the engine.Charge air coolers range i ...
Aftermarket exhaust system
Aftermarket exhaust system Aftermarket exhaust parts are intended to replace the factory fitted exhaust components of a car, motorcycle, or other motor vehicle in order to improve the performance, visual appeal, or sound of the vehicle. Generally, performance enhancements are achieved by reducing t ...
Air flow meter
Air flow meter An air flow meter, is a device that measures air flow, i.e. how much air is flowing through a tube. It does not measure the volume of the air passing through the tube, it measures the actual speed of the air flowing through the device in a defined time segment. Thus air flow meters a ...
Air-to-liquid intercooler
Air-to-liquid intercooler Air-to-liquid intercoolers (aka Charge-Air-Coolers) are heat exchangers that transfer intake charge heat to an intermediate fluid, usually water, which finally rejects heat to the air. These systems use radiators in other locations, usually due to space constraints, to rej ...
Air–fuel ratio meter
Air–fuel ratio meter An air–fuel ratio meter monitors the air–fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine. Also called air–fuel ratio gauge, air–fuel meter, or air–fuel gauge. It reads the voltage output of an oxygen sensor, sometimes also called lambda sensor, whether it be from a narrow band or w ...
Airbag Systems
Car Airbag Systems explained An airbag is a vehicle safety device. It is an occupant restraint system consisting of a flexible fabric envelope or cushion designed to inflate rapidly during an automobile collision. Its purpose is to cushion occupants during a crash and provide protection to their bo ...
Alfa Romeo Flat 4 engine (1971–1997)
Alfa Romeo Flat-4 engine Overview Manufacturer Alfa Romeo Production 1971–1997 Combustion chamber Configuration DOHC 2/4-valve F4 Displacement 1,186 cc 1,286 cc 1,351 cc 1,490 cc 1,596 cc 1,712 cc Cylinder block alloy cast-iron Cylinder head alloy aluminium alloy Combustion Fuel system 1 or 2 carbu ...
Alfa Romeo JTS engine (2002-)
Alfa Romeo JTS engine Overview Manufacturer Alfa Romeo Production 2002– Combustion chamber Configuration DOHC 4-valve I4, 60° V6 Displacement 1,859 cc (113.4 cu in) 1,970 cc (120 cu in) 2,198 cc (134.1 cu in) 3,195 cc (195.0 cu in) Cylinder block alloy aluminium alloy (2.0 JTS cast-iron) Cylinder h ...
Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine (1954–1994)
Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine Manufacturer Alfa Romeo Production 1954–1994 Successor Alfa Romeo TwinSpark Configuration DOHC 2-valve I4 Displacement 1.3 L (1290 cc/78 in³) 1.6 L (1570 cc/95 in³) 1.8 L (1779 cc/108 in³) 2.0 L (1962 cc/119 in³) Cylinder block alloy aluminium alloy Cylinder head alloy al ...
Alfa Romeo Twin Spark engine (1986–2009)
Alfa Romeo Twin Spark engine Overview Manufacturer Alfa Romeo Production 1986–2009 Combustion chamber Configuration DOHC 2/4-valve I4 Displacement 1.4 L 1.6 L 1.7 L 1.8 L 2.0 L Cylinder block alloy aluminium alloy and cast-iron Cylinder head alloy aluminium alloy Output Power output 76 kW (103 PS) ...
Alfa Romeo V6 engine (1979–2005)
Alfa Romeo V6 engine Overview Manufacturer Alfa Romeo Production 1979–2005 Combustion chamber Configuration V6 Displacement 2.0 L (1,997 cc (122 cu in)) 2.5 L (2,492 cc (152 cu in)) 3.0 L (2,959 cc (181 cu in)) 3.2 L (3,179 cc (194 cu in)) Cylinder block alloy aluminium alloy Cylinder head alloy al ...
Alfa Romeo Wheel PCD & Offsets
Alfa Romeo Wheel PCD & Offsets Alfa Romeo Cars Wheel measurement and sizes Model Year PCD Offset Bore 145 94 to 01 4×98 35 to 38 58.1 146 94 to 01 4×98 35 to 38 58.1 147 00 on 5×98 35 to 38 58.1 147 GTA 02 on 5×98 20 to 35 58.1 155 93 to 98 4×98 35 to 38 58.1 156 98 on 5×98 35 to 38 58.1 156 GTA 02 ...
Alloy wheels
Car Alloy wheels Explained Alloy wheels are automobile (car, motorcycle and truck) wheels which are made from an alloy of aluminum or magnesium. They are typically lighter for the same strength and provide better heat conduction and improved cosmetic appearance over steel wheels. The earliest light ...
Alternator
Car Alternator How it works The alternator produces electricity used to maintain battery storage charge and to help run all the electrical accessories, including the ignition and the engine control systems. It is belt-driven by the engine and produces an alternating current (AC), which is converted ...
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