Details

Parent Category: C

Category: Cisitalia

Cisitalia D46 Race car

From 1946 to 1948

 

Cisitalia D46
General description
Manufacturer	Cisitalia
Type	Grand Prix car
Designed by	Dante Giacosa andGiovanni Savonuzzi
Technical
Mechanics
Frame	Tubular aluminum truss frame
Engine	FIAT 508B/1100
Transmission	3-speed manual transmission
Dimensions and weights
Length	3000 mm
Width	1400 mm
Height	1020 mm
Step	2050 mm
Weight	370 kg

The Cisitalia D46 is a racing car produced by Cisitalia .

Development 

Designed by Dante Giacosa and Giovanni Savonuzzi commissioned by Piero Dusio , then president of Juventus Football Club and industrial. Giacosa came into contact with Dusio thanks to Mr. Casalis at the end of 1944, a trusted man of the industrialist from Turin, who was in charge of the commissioned body shops at Cisitalia , at that time mechanical workshop located in Corso Peschiera which mainly dealt with the production of Beltrame bicycles .

Giacosa, continuing to work for FIAT , took care of the design of the car during free time. To facilitate the task, Dusio offered him to stay in his villa in Corso Galileo Ferraris , abandoned by him and his family after a bombing but fully habitable. The project was thus developed with the help of the designer Edoardo Grosso, not without difficulties related to the war. Giacosa recalls that the first 1: 5 scale model in plasticine was destroyed by a German police patrol looking for Dusio. The designer also actively contributed to the construction and development of the first prototype.

On the second floor of the Villa, in just over 8 months Giacosa designed a revolutionary project for the time, probably inventing the tubular lattice frame, with very low production costs, as based on mechanics derived from the Fiat 500 "Topolino" and from 508B / 1100. Giacosa claims that the brilliant intuition of the tubular frame was given to him by the skills of the workers used to welding steel tubes for the production of bicycles. The body was a simple aluminum sheet, modeled for the prototype by the coachbuilder Motto and Giacosa himself. Peculiar are the fairings of the front suspensions that Giacosa himself defines as "aesthetic coquetry" insofar as it is suitable for the mere masking of the suspension organs, "neither useful nor practical for running".

The brakes and the engine block was in fact of 1100, while the semi-independent quadrilateral front suspension of the 500. The rear suspension was affected by the studies made during the war in Fiat: coil springs placed between the frame and two longitudinal half-leaf springs (one on the side, fixed to the frame with a spherical joint each) that supported the bridge, while in the middle a triangle connected bridge and frame, with the addition of a helical spring and a spherical joint on the frame crossed by a pin, so the rigidity of the suspension could vary depending on the height of the bridge and the two half-leaf springs served as an anti-roll element.

The engine had undergone considerable processing, so as to bring the power from 32 hp to 62 hp at 5,500 rpm, coming to a compression ratio of 9.5: 1, impressive for the time. It had been placed in a longitudinal position at the front, along with the gearbox and the radiator. The gearbox, the result of another study carried out in Fiat during the war, was a three-speed reverse gear, without lever, with automatic centrifugal clutch actuated by a pedal, which in the first part detached the clutch and in the second inserted the ratio. With this system the gearshift was very precise and fast: it was enough to push the pedal (normally intended as a "clutch") for the clutch, press again to move into the second and from here on each pressure of the pedal allowed to change between second and third. In order to be able to go back to first, once in second, the selector switch on the steering wheel had to be changed between first and reverse to reverse, and press the clutch. The traction was rear, as usual at the time.

The steering wheel was the same as Mickey Mouse. Being the pilot's cell just 45 cm wide and at the same time the considerable diameter of the steering wheel, Giacosa made it foldable with a mechanism that allowed a quick escape in case of emergency.

The car was brought into the race with considerable success by several drivers who were confronted with more powerful but older cars.

The sporting debut of Cisitalia is dated at the end of August 1946, with the Coppa Brezzi, one morning at the Parco del Valentino , set up for the occasion at the city circuit. It was the first closed circuit race in Italy after the second world war.

7 small Cisitalia showed up at the start, competing against 26 other cars, whose 3 specially brought from Paris by Amedeo Gordini . Among the Cisitalia D46 drivers there was Tazio Nuvolari , who, not having blocked the steering wheel of his car at the time of departure, after having surpassed all the opponents and having made some curve with his usual violence, the steering wheel broke away from the column. The pilot continued the race clinging to the column but after a few laps he was forced to retire.

It was however a triumph, with the same Piero Dusio to win the cup followed by two other D46 driven by Franco Cortese and Louis Chiron .

Bibliography 

Using Fiat parts as a base Dante Giacosa designed the D46 which made its successful debut in 1946. Giacosa had a vast knowledge of Fiat bits and pieces as he had designed the legendary 500 Fiat Topolino before WWII. The engine and suspension were directly derived from the small Fiat but extensively modified for racing. The engine received dry sump lubrication and further tweaks considerably increased the power output to 60-70 bhp. With a spaceframe chassis and weighing under 400 kg (880 lb) the available power was more than enough for competitive performance. Dusio's dream of a one model series came to nothing, but instead his D46s started to dominate the voiturette series. Highly talented drivers like Tazio Nuvolari piloted the D46 to multiple successes against more advanced but older racing cars.

This successes led to a much more ambitious single seater project that would prove too much for the small company. Ferdinand Porsche was commissioned to design and construct a full Grand Prix car which led to the innovative but complex Cisitalia 360. With a mid engined layout and four wheel drive the Type 360 was far too expensive for Dusio to support and the attempt essentially killed any further racing cars.

Details

Parent Category: C

Category: Cisitalia

 Cisitalia 202

From 1946 to 1952

Cisitalia 202
type	Coupe
Production	from 1946  to 1952
Produced	173
Dimensions and mass
Length	3400  m m
Height	1250 mm
Mass	780  k g
Design	Giovanni Savonuzzi

 

This berlinetta body car was built in small series for the Cisitalia at the Farina factory in Corso Trapani in Turin. It was designed in 1946 by  Giovanni Savonuzzi and designed by Battista Farina , and first seen at the Italian Grand Prix of 1947 . 

Building on aerodynamic studies developed for racing cars, the Cisitalia offers one of the most accomplished examples of coachwork conceived as a single shell. The hood, body, fenders, and headlights are integral to the continuously flowing surface, rather than added on. Before the Cisitalia, the prevailing approach followed by automobile designers when defining a volume and shaping the shell was to treat each part of the body as a separate, distinct element—a box to house the passengers, another for the motor, and headlights as appendages. In the Cisitalia, there are no sharp edges. Swellings and depressions maintain the overall flow and unity, creating a sense of speed.Dusio commissioned several automobiles from Europe's leading designers. He provided Pinin Farina with the chassis, on which an aluminum body was handcrafted. When first presented to the public at the Villa d'Este Gold Cup show in Como, Italy, and at the 1947 Paris Motor Show, the two-seat 202GT was a resounding success. The 202 was an aesthetic and technical achievement that transformed postwar automobile body design.The Pinin Farinadesign was honored by New York's Museum of Modern Art in 1951. In the MOMA's first exhibit on automotive design, called "Eight Automobiles", the Cisitalia was displayed with seven other cars (1930 Mercedes-Benz SS tourer, 1939 Bentley saloon with coachwork by James Young, 1939 Talbot-Lago by Figoni teardrop coupé, 1951 Willys Jeep, 1937 Cord 812 Custom Beverly Sedan, 1948 MG TC, and the 1941 Lincoln Continental coupe). It is still part of the MoMApermanent collection.It was not, however, a commercial success; because it was coachbuilt, it was expensive, and only 170 were produced between 1947 and 1952. Most cars were coachbuilt by Pinin Farina with some by Vignale and Stabilimenti Farina.

Cisitalia 202 MM

Since the 202 never made large scale production and all the cars were handmade, the small talented group at Cisitalia, including Carlo Abarth, Dante Giacosaand Giovanni Savonuzzi, made several variants of the 202. Of the more important versions, the SMM Nuvolari Spider was built and named after a class victory at the 1947 Mille Miglia by famed driver Tazio Nuvolari. It is easily identified by its large rear fins, twin windscreens and usual Italian blood red paint scheme.

Partly due to expensive construction of the mid-engine, four wheel drive formula one car, designed by Ferdinand Porsche. In total, around 200 cars were made which made a large impact on the later marques, including Abarth's later range of cars.

Cisitalia 202 SMM

For the upcoming 1947 season, Giovanni Savonuzzi, who had designed most of the 202, sketched a coupe body for Cisitalia's competition car. The design was executed by Stabilimenti Farina upon both chassis #101 and #102. After two coupes had been finished, a spider version, Called the SMM for Spider Mille Miglia, was completed which would adorn all subsequent competition cars bearing the MM designation.

At the 1947 Mille Miglia, the Cistitalia spider really proved itself by leading most of the race in capable hands of Tazio Nuvolari. Despite having competition with engines three times larger, Nuvolari held back the competition until troubles ensued in the rain. In the end, the Cistitalia took second overall and first in class. For this epic effort, subsequent competition spiders were known as 202 SMM Nuvolaris.

Since the 202 SMM received much attention at the Mille Miglia, Stabilimenti Farina continued production of the design for several customers. In total around 20 cars were made very similar to Nuvolari's winning car.