Hyundai KIA
dew
Manufacturer:	Hyundai Kia Automotive Group
Production period:	2008-present
Style:	90 ° V
Engines:	4.6 L (4627 cc), 5.0 L (5038 cc)
Cylinder firing order:	1-2-7-8-4-5-6-3

The Tau range is an eight-cylinder , four-overhead-camshaft ( QOHC ) gasoline engine with four valves per cylinder. The engines are built in Ulsan ( South Korea ). The engine block and cylinder head are made of aluminum . The 4.6-liter output opens the series with a 92 mm bore and a 87 mm stroke. The 5.0 L version has been extended to 96 mm.  Weights have not been published so far. The idling speed is 550 revolutions per minute, in the 4.6 L engine, it increases in park and idle position of the automatic to 700th The Tau series is the only not offered in Europe, all others were at least partially installed for Europe. All engines of the Tau series are controlled by an electronic accelerator pedal .The power transmission from the crankshaft to the cylinder head by means of maintenance-free timing chain , the ancillariesare driven by a toothed belt. For this every 30,000 km an inspection is provided, an exchange only when needed.

The valves are operated by roller rocker arms, which act like a rocker. At the vertex of the cam is on. During its rotation, it presses one side and thus the valve downwards, while on the other hand, the hydraulic tappet, which extends by means of a built-in spring, always lies flush. This form of valve clearance compensation is maintenance-free, even an inspection is not provided in the maintenance plan. Wear would be signaled by a ticking sound. This occurs even in wintry cold start for about a minute until the oil inside the lash adjuster reaches the necessary viscosity to equalize the game. On versions with 344 and 375 hp, a fault can also be a cause of noise.

Tau

The first eight-cylinder engine exclusively Korean development was introduced in 2008 with the 4.6 L Tau. In the same year followed by a 5.0 L version for the long version of the luxury sedan Hyundai Equus . Both received an increase in performance in 2010, the details of which are described below. The five-year development of the series cost $ 260 million and ended just before the onset of the economic crisis . Given the concurrent trend towards smaller displacement and the manufacturer's target of achieving the lowest average consumption on the US market by 2025, the series's potential for larger displacement has been eliminated. Over five liters of displacement, the power increase no longer ran linearly to increase consumption. General Motorsand Ford announced in the dew premiere of her departure from V8 series. 2009 and 2010, the Tau V8 was added to the " Ward's 10 Best Engines " list. Ward's AutoWorld is an industry journal published since 1924 for the car trade.

In the late 1990s, there was already with the Omega V8 developed by Mitsubishi V8 gray cast iron engine in Hyundai Equus . He had gasoline direct injection (GDI), which required due to their system typical high compression but super gasoline . At that time, this was rare in South Korea. The resulting drop in performance made the clientele complain. Hyundai responded in 2002 with the changeover to intake manifold injection, while Mitsubishi itself had to stop using the engine due to the crisis, after only 15 months. Despite these initial difficulties Hyundai made him in collaboration with Mitsubishi until 2008 for his top model Equus. 

Tau engines have a dual CVVT named camshaft adjustment for the intake and exhaust side. This has an influence on the timing of the valve opening on both sides, but not on the valve lift and thus the opening duration . It is therefore comparable to the BMW double-VANOS technology . In addition to a better torque in the lower speed range, it reduces above all the nitrogen oxide values, by the exhaust gas recirculation effect of a large overlap is used - this already sucked exhaust gas is sucked back into the combustion chamber.The opening of the valves is friction-reduced via roller rocker arms with a hydraulic valve clearance compensation. This keeps the valve clearance permanently to zero and avoids ticking noises. However, in contrast to mechanical bucket tappets, attention must increasingly be paid to oil quality and level. If the hydraulic tappet is partially filled with air, for example due to the oil level being too low, it does not fulfill its play- compensating effect and there is a ticking sound. The combination of hydraulic tappets with roller drag levers is the most frictionless and cost-intensive form of valve actuation in production. It was published in the 2008 also Kappa seriesand is the only one for which Hyundai / KIA no longer provides for inspections and thus underlines their freedom from maintenance .

The series has a variable intake system (Variable Intake System). This takes into account the pulsation of the air in the intake manifold, which is caused by the opening and closing of the valves. If these negative and positive pressure pulses find a rhythmically adapted path into the engine compartment, a slight resonance charging effect is created, similar to a turbocharger . To achieve it opens at low and high speeds suitable for this purpose, short air. At medium speeds, the longer air duct is used by means of a flap, resulting in a consistently high torque.The 90 ° V orientation of the two four-cylinder benches has the advantage of complete compensation of first and second order inertial forces, as there is always a cylinder on the opposite bank moving in the opposite direction to the one just igniting. The result is a particularly quiet engine running and the saving of an unnecessary balance shaft .For this, however , the crankshaft must have a cross-plane design. In this, the diagonally opposite connecting rods move simultaneously.  However, this has the undesirable side effect of alternate not between left and right bank ignition sequence. This irregularity is then reflected in the air turbulence in the intake, which must therefore be given special attention in its design. Hyundai / KIA therefore mentions the "dozens" of hand-molded prototypes during intake manifold development.  Thus, the otherwise unequal cylinder filling could be compensated recognizable remains the cross-plane shape at the acoustically distinctive exhaust noise. The lighter, cheaper, alternately igniting flat-plane construction would in turn generate greater vibration by free second-order inertial forces. Here, the directly opposite connecting rods move in opposite directions, but in an inner and outer pair at the same time, instead of in four individual graduations .

The pistons were friction-reduced with a MoS² coating, as it were, the chromium-nitride coating acts on the piston rings.  The cylinder block's T5 die casting processresults in smoother expansion, which minimizes friction.Mid-2010 was a performance-enhancing revision. Here, the valves have been enlarged, which allows the air to flow faster - especially at higher speeds, a performance-enhancing effect. In addition, the air flow in the variable intake system has also been optimized. Consumption is classified in the North American EPA rating with 13.8 to 15.7 l in the city and 9.4 to 12 l / 100 km on the highway, rising from limousine to four-wheel drive SUV. 

Problems

When cold and cold, the oil pump does not always apply enough pressure to open the timing chain tensioner valve . Then the chain has slipped and adjusted the ignition behavior of the engine. This can lead to gasoline residues in the cylinder. On the next launch, these cause very non-round running with some black smoke on the exhaust. Hyundai updated the engine's engine control software in November 2010, but the behavior was repeated on some engines. The control unit stores the error codes P0300 (general ignition fault) or P0301 to P0308 (ignition fault in cylinders 1 to 8).Drivers recommend a "warm-up phase" of 30 seconds before and after re-parking at sub-zero temperatures until the increased idle speed drops.  It affects 4.6 L engines prior to model year 2011 ( Hyundai Genesis with 375 hp and KIA Borrego with 344 hp, Hyundai Equus were exported only from the model year 2011). After a case-by-case examination, the manufacturer swapped the timing chain tensioner and, if damage had occurred, the entire engine. All repairs are covered by the five to ten year drive warranty in the supplied markets. 

Tau GDI 

In early 2011, the 5.0 L engine was equipped with a GDI named direct injection . At the same time, all vehicles with a Tau engine received Hyundai's own 8-speed automatic transmission instead of the 6-speed version from ZF Sachs . Their increased efficiency is rather low, such as the Genesis with a pint reduced Highway consumption by EPA shows norm. Their advantage lies in technical independence, faster acceleration and nominal unlocking to the competition. For 2014 Hyundai plans therefore a 10-stage variant.  The new GDI engine in 2011 as its predecessor in 2009 and '10 in the " Ward's 10 Best Engines"List added. Ward's AutoWorld is an industry journal published since 1924 for the car trade. One reason for the decision was the highest horsepower per liter displacement uncharged V8  . Development over 40 months cost 10.5 million euros.

In conventional injection for gasoline engines, the injection valve is located in the intake manifold upstream of the intake valve. With increasing speeds, however, the opening time of the valve is always shorter, and thus the time window for introducing the fuel. In the direct injection is therefore injected directly into the cylinder. Hyundai used as most GDI competitors for homogeneous stoichiometric mixture formation and dispensed with an inhomogeneous stratified charge (stratified fuel charge). The latter is associated with systemic disadvantages, such as significantly increased fine dust levels. It starts with a pilot injection and ignition to set the piston in motion. During its downward movement follows the thrusting, actual fuel injection and ignition. This more precise, cooling, fuel-in-cylinder fueling system increased the cylinder's compression ratio from 10.4 to 11.5. This leads to a fuel saving of around five percent ( see ) and also causes a higher exhaust gas temperature. This benefits the faster heating catalyst. The higher injection pressure of 150 bar (without GDI about 5 bar) also causes a more homogeneous fuel atomization and thus a cleaner combustion. This goes along with a system typical Tick noise. Consumption is rated at 14.7 in the city and 9.4 l / 100 km on the highway in the practical North American EPA rating. It is therefore barely above the 4.6 L model without GDI.

Technical Data 

Used in

Hyundai Equus

• Equus VI
  • G8BA: 2008-2011
  • G8BB: 2009-2011 (as government vehicle in South Korea)
  • G8BE: 2011-today

Hyundai Genesis

• Genesis Bra
  • G8BA: 2008-today
  • G8BE: 2011-today

KIA Borrego

• Borrego HM
  • G8BA: 2008-2011 (V8 option only in Canada and US, vehicle was not accepted by the US market and sales discontinued in 2009)

Hyundai / KIA
S
Manufacturer:	Hyundai / KIA
Production period:	2006-present
Style:	60 ° V
Engines:	3.0 L (2959 cc)

With the series S is a six-cylinder diesel engine with direct injection , turbocharged , four overhead camshafts ( QOHC ), and four valves per cylinder . The engines are in South Korea made .The S-series is the first offered for cars V6 diesel series of the group. It is a fundamentally revised version of an Isuzu brand .The engine block consists of sintered vermicular graphite - gray cast iron , its cylinder head made of light metal . The cylinder has a bore of 84 mm and a stroke of 89 mm. Weight and idle speed have not been published.The camshafts are driven by the crankshaft by means of maintenance-free timing chains , the ancillaries by a serpentine belt  .The type of valve actuation has not been described, but it does include a hydraulic tappet. It resembles either the D - or the Delta series.

History

Hyundai did not manufacture its own V6 passenger car Diesel before the S engine, the existing J engines came close to the goal only in the displacement (2.9 l). However, they were four-cylinder and also since 1998 in use. Therefore, they lacked the necessary modern technology in addition to the smooth-running V-format. In 2004, it was decided to add this to a motor outside the group . At the beginning of the development was therefore the Isuzu DMAX V6 "6DE1". This engine was already the manufacturer licensed to Renault , and since the purchase of patents by GM in Opel Vectra and Saab 9-5 used , Injection and turbocharger were changed. Like the latter, the glow plugs from the BorgWarner Group, here from the subsidiary BERU , are also from . They should also enable starts at -25 ° C and help to cultivated sound through clean combustion. The glow plugs are controlled by a control device ( G low C ontrol U operated nit) and supported by a heater in the intake system thereby to bring the diesel-air mixture in cold start phases for self-ignition temperature .The development of the S engine took 26 months and cost 222 million US dollars.

The V-orientation of the two three-cylinder benches has the advantage of lesser length compared to straight six cylinders , such as BMW incorporates. In addition, hereby the crankshaft only has to be half as long as each crankpin is driven by two pistons. The disadvantage of the split on two benches are double components at the other end of the piston - in the cylinder head about four instead of two camshafts actuate the valves, overall, so the maintenance costs increase slightly.

Injection 

The third-generation Bosch injection system (CRS 3.0) is equipped with piezo injectors  . Their advantage is a faster termination of the injection, whereby a larger amount of fuel can be introduced precisely enough in time. This results in more power with low-residue combustion. The same effect has the "Variable Swirl Control System". It always swirls the air before entering the cylinder, so that a homogeneous distribution of the diesel is supported. For this, the air is passed through a narrower intake manifold at low speeds and low inflow velocity, thus accelerating it. At higher speeds then opens a wider path. As a result, the inflow velocity and thus turbulence remain constant independent of speed.The direct injection takes place via perpendicularly from above into the cylinder reaching nozzles. This minimizes diesel condensate on the relatively cool cylinder inner wall which would become soot. The nozzles are supplied by a fuel line for all cylinders ( common rail ), in which the diesel is at 250 to 1600 bar. More recent diesel engines further increase pressure, resulting in even more homogeneous mixture formation and thus less oxygen-rich, nitric oxide-producing and oxygen-poor soot-producing nests .

Pollutant reduction 

This series has soot filtering , but no nitrogen oxide reduction in the exhaust aftertreatment. This consists of a closed particulate filter to which an oxidation catalyst is arranged upstream of .Due to the high amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas comparison with the gasoline engine, the oxidation catalyst replaces the usual three-way catalyst . Unlike this, he passes the nitrogen oxides and works as a two-way catalyst. Like its counterpart, it uses oxygen to process carbon monoxide (CO) into carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and hydrocarbons (HC) into carbon dioxide and water. The nitrogen oxides are left out, as due to the excess of oxygen that first reacts with the carbon monoxide (2 CO + O ₂ to 2 CO ₂ ). Thus, this carbon monoxide is no longer the nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) available for reduction in pure nitrogen (CO and NO to N₂ and CO ₂ ,).

Soot-reducing effect is the typical diesel lean operation , the exhaust gas recirculation and the closed diesel particulate filter of these engines. It is standard on European markets . In contrast to open systems, this type can not be retrofitted, as the motor must detect the fill level of the filter via sensor technology and regenerate it if necessary. The filter performance increases from around 30% to more than 95% of the particle mass, and the same applies to the number of particularly relevant nanoparticles . The degradation of the particles takes place in two stages. Passive regeneration is an oxidation of soot filtrate. This works only at exhaust gas temperatures, as they come on longer highway trips. In this case, by means of NO ₂ formed in the oxidation catalyst from 200 ° C., soot particles in the filter are oxidized to CO ₂ . The excess nitrogen dioxide escapes , An active regeneration must intervene if this temperature is not reached and the filter is filled to about 45% of its capacity. Then, the engine control artificially manufactures a temperature of 600 ° C by injecting diesel directly after ignition, resulting in no additional power but the required exhaust gas temperatures. The consumption increases by three to eight percent (depending on the frequency), the soot is burned here. The soot filtrate leaves some ash in the filter after active regeneration, an indication of shelf life was not made. The regeneration takes about 25 minutes without stop-and-go traffic at a speed of over 2000 rpm from third gear. If these trips remain off, a warning light in the cockpit flashes from 75% of the filter level, which refers the driver to a necessary regeneration. If it continues to flash after the described drive, consult a workshop that performs the regeneration. If this also fails, there is a risk of damage to the particulate filter, which, like all closed ones, does not have a pressure relief valve .For nitrogen oxide reduction, these engines use exhaust gas recirculation . In the partial load range, this leads up to 60% of the exhaust gas back into the intake tract. The nitrogen oxides contained therein are thus neutralized, the same applies to soot particles and not yet burned hydrocarbons. However, if too much exhaust gas is introduced, there is a lack of oxygen in the cylinder for complete combustion. That resulted in more soot. Therefore, the only partial exhaust gas recirculation is possible anyway only in the partial load range. In the Euro4 standard achieved by this seriesthe permitted amount of nitrogen oxide remains three times that of an Otto engine. The feedback is electrically controlled. This minimizes the deviation from the desired return rate. The oxygen value in the exhaust gas is also evaluated by means of the lambda probe . A cooling of the recirculated exhaust gas also reduces the combustion temperature nitrogen oxide reducing. Nevertheless, the denser volume of air through cooling provides enough oxygen to avoid soot . Nitrogen oxides promote smog and ozone formation as well as acid rain , nitrogen dioxideis irritating. Diesel engines work to reduce soot with excess oxygen, which leads to locally very high temperatures in the cylinder. These promote nitric oxide formation.

Turbocharger 

This engine uses a variable geometry BorgWarner BV50 turbocharger . This minimizes the acceleration delay after pressing the accelerator pedal. The unvariable turbocharger is a resonance system that has to be excited first. Only a lot of exhaust gas accelerates the turbine in the exhaust stream so strong that it promotes the desired more air into the cylinder on the intake side. This deceleration is called "turbo lag" and must be taken into account during acceleration by the driver. As a remedy, a VGT system also accelerates low exhaust flows by directing them to the turbine through a temporarily narrowed airway. The VGT vanes are like a wheeled excavator wheelattached and extend into the exhaust stream . They steer, folded almost to the circle, faster, or unfolded slow exhaust gas on the turbine of the turbocharger. This accelerates or slows down accordingly. The latter is used at higher engine speeds, since there is hardly any need for more air. On the contrary, this would exceed the intended pressure in the cylinder and thus mechanically damage the engine components. Therefore, as with this engine, the VGT control usually makes the overpressure valve ( wastegate ) unvariable turbocharger superfluous. The change from pneumatic to electric vane control also allows for more precise control of airflow. Hyundai identifies it with the designation e -VGT.

BorgWarner developed this turbocharger at its headquarters in Kirchheimbolanden and in its South Korean joint venture SeohanWarner Turbo Systems together with Hyundai. It is made by SeohanWarner in Pyongteak . This cooperation already existed with the A and J engine series  . The BV50 turbocharger with an alloy adapted to the higher exhaust gas temperatures of an Otto engine has also been used in the Porsche 997 since June 2006 , three months before the S V6 was premiered in September 2006  .An 80% soot and 90% nitrogen oxide reduced version of the engine was in development until 2008. With their approval of the engine to the US market for Tier 2 Bin 5 standard should be achieved. .

Technical Data 

Used in.

Hyundai ix55

• ix55 EN
  • D6EA (239 hp): 2007-today

KIA Mohave

• Mohave HM
  • D4EA (249 hp): 2009-today

Hyundai / KIA
Mu (L6EA)
Manufacturer:	Hyundai / KIA
Production period:	2005-2011
Style:	60 ° V
Engines:	2.7 L (2656 cc)
Cylinder firing order:	1-2-3-4-5-6
Previous model:	Hyundai KIA Delta

The Mu series is a six-cylinder , four-overhead-camshaft ( QOHC ) gasoline engine with four valves per cylinder. The engines are built in Asan (South Korea). The engine block and cylinder head are both made of aluminum as in the predecessor . The stroke of 75 mm remains unchanged as the bore of 86.7 mm. The idling speed is 680 per minute, the dry weight is 168.7 kg. 

The intake and exhaust camshafts of each cylinder bank are connected by a timing chain , the power transmission from the crankshaft to the cylinder head by means of a toothed belt (left picture at the end of the introduction). For those with some models no inspection is provided its exchange then all 100,000 km in those with inspection this all 60,000 km is provided which exchange then all 120,000 km or 60 months The motors are not free runners . The auxiliary units are achieved by a serpentine belt driven.This has a Nachspannautomatik, its inspection is model depending on all 32,000 / 48,000 km or 16/24 months provided an exchange only when determined need 

The valves are actuated by mechanical bucket tappets (right picture at the end of the introduction) They reduce the resistance to the cam compared to hydraulic bucket tappets . Their durability is comparable, but they are cheaper and less dependent on good oil viscosity . Over the years, the surface of the plunger and cam is removed, thus reducing the stroke of the valve in the cylinder chamber. This allows less air to flow in, whereupon the engine automatically reduces the amount of petrol and thus its performance. This is accompanied by an audible ticking sound , because the cam no longer constantly rests on the bucket tappet, but this only once per revolution reached - the advent generates the ticking noise.  This may disappear by the expansion in the engine warm, but that's lash thus become too large. Its inspection is planned in the maintenance plan of every 100,000 km, but maintenance only if required  . In this, the removed material would be balanced on the side of the bucket tappet. The ones used here have no overlying tiles (hence " shimlessmechanical bucket tappets "), so that in this case not the small plate, but the bucket tappet itself is exchanged for a 40 of exactly graduated variants. This can usually be combined with the replacement of the timing belt (100,000 km) or the spark plugs (150,000 km).

Mu 

The Mu V6 is based on the Delta series and took over some innovations of the parallel developed, published in 2004 Lambda series. This includes the CVVT, the switch to mechanical bucket tappets and the almost identical cylinder head. The series consists of an engine that is factory-made in two variants: one for gasoline and one for LPG . The latter is only available in South Korea, where in 2010 debuted models  and is particularly smooth-running alternative to similar economic diesel engine intended. The marketing of the protected abbreviation "LPI" indicates that the system including the control unit is supplied by the manufacturer Vialle.

Compared to the predecessor Delta, the compression was slightly increased, which leads to an approximately three percent fuel savings. In addition, the cylinder head has been modified to supplement a CVVT named intake camshaft timing. This has only an influence on the overlap of the valve opening from the inlet and outlet side (the opening time on the input side is variable), but not on the valve lift and thus the opening duration .It is therefore comparable to the BMW single VANOS technology . In addition to a better torque in the lower speed range, it primarily reduces the nitrogen oxide levelsby the exhaust gas recirculation effect of a large overlap is used - this already exhaust gas is sucked back into the combustion chamber. In 2008, the CVVT intake camshaft control was extended by one for the output side, resembling BMW's double Vanos technology . The now D (ual) -CVVT named lifted system performance by five horsepower to at 193rd The CVVT is not always listed due to its standardity. For the Kia Cadenza the engine was increased to 200 hp, the changes made were not published. 

The variable intake system (Variable Intake System) of the predecessor has been extended by one level to three. It takes better account of the pulsation of the air in the intake manifold, which results from the opening and closing of the valves. If these negative and positive pressure pulses find a rhythmically adapted path into the engine compartment, a slight resonance charging effect is created, similar to a turbocharger . To achieve the open over the speed range respectively distributed appropriately long air passages, resulting in a consistently high torque.

With the Mu series ends the first V6 series of Hyundai. It is replaced by four-cylinder Theta series .

Technical Data 

Use 

Hyundai grandeur

• Grandeur TG
  • G6EA (188 hp): 2005-2009 (South Korea)
  • G6EA (194 hp): 2009-2010 (South Korea)

Hyundai Santa Fe

• Santa Fe SM
  • G6BA (189 hp): 2005.
• Santa Fe CM
  • G6BA (189 hp): 2006-2010

KIA Cadenza

• Cadenza VG
  • G6EA (200 hp): 2010.
  • L6EA (165 hp): 2010.

KIA Carens

• Carens UN
  • G6EA (188 hp): 2006-2008
  • G6EA (193 hp): 2008-today

KIA Carnival

• Carnival VQ
  • G6EA (188 hp): 2006-2010
  • L6EA (161 hp): 2007-2011

KIA Magentis

• Magentis MG
  • G6EA (188 hp): 2001-2008
  • G6EA (194 hp): 2008-2010

KIA Opirus

• Opirus GH
  • G6EA (188 hp): 2006-2009
  • G6EA (194 hp): 2009-2011

KIA Sorento

• Sorento XM
  • L6EA (161 hp): 2009-2010

Hyundai / KIA
lambda
Manufacturer:	Hyundai / KIA
Production period:	2006-present
Style:	60 ° V
Engines:	3.0 L (2999 cc), 3.3 L (3342 cc), 3.5 L (3470 cc), 3.8 L (3778 cc)
Cylinder firing order:	1-2-3-4-5-6

The Lambda series is a six-cylinder , four-overhead-camshaft ( QOHC ) gasoline engine with four valves per cylinder. The engines are built in Asan ( South Korea ) and Montgomery ( Alabama )

The engine block and cylinder head are made of aluminum . The 3.3-liter edition opens the series with a bore of 92 mm and a stroke of 83.8 mm and 184 kg dry weight. The medium version with 3.5 liter capacity was supplemented only with the Lambda II series and extends the stroke to 87 mm. The largest variant also extends the bore to 96 mm and increases the weight by only two and a half to 186.6 kg. The Lambda II series reduced the weight by several kilograms, precise details have not been made. The idle speed of the lambda engines ranges from 620 (3.3 liters), 650 (3.8 liter Lambda II) to 720 (3.8 liter lambda) revolutions per minute.All Lambda series engines are controlled by an electronic accelerator pedal .The power transmission from the crankshaft to the cylinder head by means of maintenance-free timing chain , the ancillaries are driven by a serpentine belt. For this every 50,000 km or 24 months an inspection is provided, an exchange only when determined need. 

The valves are actuated by mechanical bucket tappets without overlapping plates (hence " shimless mechanical bucket tappets").They reduce the resistance for the cam compared to hydraulic bucket tappets . Like these, they are maintenance-free, but less expensive and less dependent on good oil viscosity . Over the years, the surface of the plunger and cam is removed, thus reducing the stroke of the valve in the cylinder chamber. This allows less air to flow in, whereupon the engine automatically reduces the amount of petrol and thus its performance. This is accompanied by an audible ticking sound , because the cam no longer constantly rests on the bucket tappet, but this only once per revolution reached - the advent generates the ticking noise.  This may disappear by the expansion in the engine is warm, but that's lash thus become too large. Its inspection is scheduled in the maintenance plan of every 95,000 km, but maintenance only on demand.  In this, the removed material would be offset by a new, slightly longer tappets. The exchange may possibly be merged with that of the spark plugs (160,000 km).

The Lambda series was developed until 2004 in Hwaseong and completed the replacement of the Sigma series, whose upper spectrum was used for example in the KIA Opirus until 2006.  The sizes of under 3 liters capacity were already with the 1998 Delta rangereplaced. The Sigma series was based on a Mitsubishi gray-black design, which dates back to the eighties, and was developed in parallel by Hyundai and Mitsubishi.

The engines have a CVVT named intake side camshaft adjustment. This has only an influence on the overlap of the valve opening from the inlet and outlet side (the opening time on the input side is variable), but not on the valve lift and thus the opening duration.  It is therefore comparable to the BMW single-VANOS technology . In addition to a better torque in the lower speed range, it reduces above all the nitrogen oxide values, by the exhaust gas recirculation effect of a large overlap is used - this already sucked exhaust gas is sucked back into the combustion chamber.

Lambda engines have a variable intake system (Variable Intake System). This takes into account the pulsation of the air in the intake manifold, which is caused by the opening and closing of the valves. If these under- and over-pressure impulses find their rhythm-adapted way into the engine compartment, a slight resonance charging effect arises, similar to a turbocharger . To achieve it opens at low and high speeds suitable for this purpose, short air. At medium speeds, the longer air duct is used by means of a flap, resulting in a consistently high torque. To reduce friction, the pistons were given a MoS ₂ coating.

The V-orientation of the two three-cylinder benches has the advantage of lesser length compared to straight six cylinders , as installed by BMW . In addition, the crankshaft hereby only has to be half as long as each crank pin drives two pistons. The disadvantage of the split on two benches are double components at the other end of the piston - in the cylinder head about four instead of two camshafts actuate the valves, overall, so the maintenance costs increase slightly. Another component is needed for smoothness, since at high speeds the three-cylinder banks emit more vibrations. This helps a balance shaft from , which rotates counter to the crankshaft at the same speed. There remains a low second order free mass torque, as in in-line four-cylinder engines.

In 2008, the series was revised and thus the Lambda II series, completed in 2010 by a 3.5-L version. This weighs less weight reduction than the 3.3-L version of the first Lambda series. This was made possible by the use of plastic for the variable intake manifold , the cylinder head cover and the oil filter housing, as well as the cooling water temperature controller. The revised crankshaft also saves weight by using five instead of the previous eight balancing weights. To reduce friction, the MoS ₂ coating of the pistons was supplemented by a diamond-like carbon layer on the contact surfaces of the tappets .The intake camshaft CVVT control has been extended by one for the output side, similar to the BMW Double VANOS technology. The now D (ual) -CVVT named system contributes to improved performance. The variable intake system (Variable Intake System) has been extended by one level to three. He takes better account of the pulsation of the air in the intake manifold, which is caused by the opening and closing of the valves. If these under- and over-pressure impulses find their rhythm-adapted way into the engine compartment, a slight resonance charging effect arises, similar to a turbocharger To achieve this, air passages which are distributed over the engine speed range open in each case, resulting in a consistently high torque.

To reduce emissions, the cooling of the exhaust gas side in the cylinder block has been improved so that leaner mixtures are made possible. These cause by their excess of oxygen higher temperatures, which would burden the downstream components in the exhaust system. The larger water channels avoid this.

Lambda II RS 

Although all three displacement sizes of the lambda series share the same external dimensions is the largest displacement variant nevertheless hochbauend for use in sports cars such as the Hyundai Genesis Coupe . Rear-wheel drive - - Therefore, the 3.8 L-version for this vehicle has been adjusted, from which the name " R ear wheel drive S results ports" of the motor. Both engines of the coupe have thus been developed exclusively for this model.

The decisive five centimeters in height were gained by redesigning the intake and exhaust tracts. In addition, the diameter of the intake side was increased and the shape of the exhaust manifoldchanged so that it creates less back pressure, so now both sides contribute to improved air circulation. Another performance-enhancing effect is a "sharper camshaft", ie a CVVT camshaft profile, in which the valves open earlier and close later, thus permitting more fuel mixture. Due to the subsequent closing, however, the compression remains at 10.4 and does not rise to the level of the other Lambda II engines. By CVVT on inlet and outlet side, however, the other disadvantages can be largely compensated for, for example, at idle a normal profile applies and its speed therefore does not need to be increased Since the resulting extra power is available primarily at high speeds, the pistons are no longer fixed, but flexible (full-floating) stored, which reduces their friction on the cylinder. At the same time a fine oil mist is sprayed on the cylinder base, which also has a cooling effect, as the longer spark plugs, which create a larger space for the water cooling on the cylinder through their longer, narrow shaft. The injectors now deliver up to seven percent more fuel to deliver better airflow.The cylinder wall was exacerbated by two to 24 mm, the crankshaft bearings to also two to 25 mm. The engine control has been reprogrammed and has more connection pins. Engine and vehicle have been offered in Europe since November 2010, in the US since spring 2009. 

A longer stroke to 4.1 L enlarged and charged by means of HKS-T04Z turbocharger variant of this engine was used in the Hyundai Genesis PM 580 for the Pikes Peak Race 2010. With 775 hp and 1020 Nm Rhys Millen announced the recapture of his 1994 set in a modified Toyota Celica by his father record of 10 minutes and 4 seconds. This was undercut by Nobuhiro Tajima in 2007 with a Suzuki XL7 by three seconds. In 2009, however, the driver managed the victory in two-wheel-driven time trial in a modified Hyundai Genesis Coupe . The body of the PM 580 is not based on the Genesis Coupe but on the Jaguar JP1 Palmer, a successful Le Mansrace car with a Jaguar V6 engine.  The weight of the vehicle is about 862 kg due to the use of carbon fiber reinforced plastic .

Lambda II GDI 

In April 2010, a direct-injection variant of the 3.3 L-Lambda II was presented at the Beijing Auto Show . The end of 2010 was followed by a 3.0-liter engine of the same technology, which at the same time completed the engine capacity in turn down. It serves the replacement of the Mu -V6 with 2.7-liter displacement, which is still based on the first Hyundai V6 series from 1998. The two Lambda GDI debuted in the Hyundai Grandeur of the fifth generation . However, information about these engines has been published sparingly so that the required data for a corresponding row in the table below is missing.In conventional injection for gasoline engines, the injection valve is located in the intake manifold upstream of the intake valve. With increasing speeds, however, the opening time of the valve is always shorter, and thus the time window for introducing the fuel. In the direct injection is therefore injected directly into the cylinder. Hyundai used as most GDI competitors for homogeneous stoichiometricmixture formation and dispensed with an inhomogeneous stratified charge (stratified fuel charge). The latter is associated with systemic disadvantages, such as significantly increased particulate matter. It starts with a pilot injection and ignition to set the piston in motion. During its downward movement follows the thrusting, actual fuel injection and ignition. This more precise, direct-cylinder cooling fuel delivery increased the cylinder's compression ratio from 10.6 to 11.5. This leads to a fuel saving of around five percent  and also causes a higher exhaust gas temperature. This benefits the faster-warming catalyst, whose cold start phase could be halved to 40 seconds. The higher injection pressure of 150 bar (without GDI about 5 bar) also causes a more homogeneous fuel atomization and thus a cleaner combustion. He goes along with a system typical Tick noise.

The friction-reducing measures of the Lambda II series are now supported by a chromium-nitride coating on the piston rings. The pistons themselves retain their MoS ₂ coating, as do the bucket tappets their diamond-like carbon coating . As in the Lambda II RS, the piston is no longer fixed, but flexibly (full-floating) mounted, which also reduces friction and increases the pressure resistance by 30%. Likewise, a fine oil mist is sprayed directly onto the bottom of the cylinder, the cooling effect of which has a gentle effect on the material and reduces the tendency to knock off of the GDI-compressed mixture. 

Technical Data 

Use 

Listed are the world-wide installed Lambda engines for each model, not all countries are offered in all listed configurations.

Hyundai entourage

• Entourage EP
  • G6DA-AT (250 hp): 2006-2009

Hyundai Equus

• Equus VI
  • G6DA-AC (290 hp): 2009-today

Hyundai Genesis

• Genesis Bra
  • G6DB-AC, G6DA-AC (262, 290 hp): 2008-2011
  • G6DH, G6DJ (300, 334 hp): 2011-today

Hyundai Genesis Coupe

• Genesis Coupe BK
  • G6DA-AC (306 hp): 2009-2012
  • G6DJ (347 hp): 2012-today

Hyundai grandeur

• Grandeur TG
  • G6DB-AT, G6DA-AT (235, 260 hp): 2005-2009
  • G6DB-AC, G6DA-AC (260, 283 hp): 2010
• Grandeur HG
  • G6DG, G6DH (270, 300 hp): 2011-today

Hyundai Santa Fe

• Santa Fe CM
  • G6DB-AT (242 hp): 2006-2009
  • G6DC-AC (277 hp): 2009-today (in Europe from facelift 2009 no more six-cylinder)

Hyundai Sonata

• Sonata NF
  • G6DB-AT (235 hp): 2006-2008
  • G6DB-AC (250 hp): 2008-2010

Hyundai Veracruz

• Veracruz EN
  • G6DA-AT (260 hp): 2007-today

KIA Borrego

• Borrego HM
  • G6DA-AC (276 hp): 2008-today

KIA Cadenza

• Cadenza VG
  • G6DC-AC (290 hp): 2010-today
  • L6DB (235 hp): 2010-today
  • G6DG (270 hp): 2011-today

KIA Carnival

• Carnival VQ
  • G6DA-AT (242 hp): 2006-2009
  • G6DC-AC (271 hp): 2010-2011

KIA Opirus

• Opirus GH
  • G6DB-AT, G6DA-AT (247, 266 hp): 2006-2009
  • G6DB-AC, G6DA-AC (260, 283 hp): 2009-2011

KIA Sorento

• Sorento BL
  • G6DB-AT, G6DA-AT (242, 260 hp): 2007-2009
• Sorento XM
  • G6DC-AC (277 hp): 2009-today