Tyres related items
BMW tyre pressures chart
BMW tyre pressures chart This chart should be used as a guideline only. Model Year-(MY) Torque (NM) Tyre Size Pressure Front (PSI) Pressure Rear (PSI) 1 Series (E81/82/87/88) 04 – 13 120 185/60R16 31 35 1 Series (E81/82/87/88) 04 – 13 120 195/55R16 31 35 1 Series (E81/82/87/88) 04 – 13 120 205/55R1 ...
Bundorf analysis explained
Car Bundorf analysis explained A Bundorf analysis is a way of describing the characteristics of a vehicle that govern its understeer balance. The understeer is measured in units of degrees of additional yaw per g of lateral acceleration. Negative values are oversteering, positive values are underst ...
Car Grumble Whirring Sound Repair
Car Grumble Whirring Sound Repair Some road noise is normal but excessive road noise like a grumble or a whirring noise from the front or rear of the car can be a sign of a failing wheel bearing or tire wear condition (cupping, feathering). Anaxle bearing can fail from overloading or excessive mile ...
Circle of forces explained
Vehicle Circle of forces explained The circle of forces, traction circle, friction circle, or friction ellipse is a useful way to think about the dynamic interaction between a vehicle's tire and the road surface. In the diagram below we are looking at the tire from above, so that the road surface l ...
Contact patch (Tyre) explained
Car Contact patch Tyre explained Contact patch is the portion of a vehicle's tire that is in actual contact with the road surface. It is most commonly used in the discussion of pneumatic tires, (i.e. pressurized tires), where the term is strictly used to describe the portion of the tire’s tread tha ...
Cornering (Lateral) force explained
Car Cornering (Lateral) force explained Tire tread element displacement and the resulting cornering force Cornering force or side force is the lateral (i.e. parallel to the road surface) force produced by a vehicle tire during cornering. Cornering force is generated by tire slip and is proportional ...
Drift tuning Setup
Car Drift tuning Setup Explained Drive train A proper mechanical limited slip differential (LSD) is almost considered essential for drifting. Attempting to drift with an open or viscous differential in a sustained slide generally yields relatively less impressive results. All other modifications ar ...
Lateral force variation
Lateral force variation explained Tires provide for steering, traction, braking, and load support by transmitting forces between the vehicle and the road. Lateral force variation (LFV) is a property of a tire that characterizes its dynamic behavior of these forces. High values of LFV for a given ti ...
Porsche Wheel and Tyre Sizes Guide
Porsche Wheel and Tyre Sizes Guide car type front/front&rear rear only size offset tyre size offset tyre 968 17x7.5 50 225/45R17 17x9 47 245/40R17 18x8.5 40 225/40R18 18x10.5 60 255/35R18 911 Carrera,2,4,RS 16x6 52 205/55R16 16x8 52 225/50R16 17x7 55 205/50R17 17x9 52 255/40R17 17x8 52 215/40R17 17 ...
Radial tyres
Radial tyre (tire) Explained A radial tire (more properly, a radial-ply tire) is a particular design of vehicular tire (in British English, tyre). In this design, the cord plies are arranged at 90 degrees to the direction of travel, or radially (from the centre of the tire). History A series of pli ...
Run-flat tyres
Run-flat tyres A run-flat tire is a pneumatic vehicle tire that is designed to resist the effects of deflation when punctured, and to enable the vehicle to continue to be driven at reduced speeds (up to 55 mph (90 km/h)), and for limited distances of up to 100 mi (160 km), or even 200 mi (320 km) d ...
Schrader valve
Car Tyre Schrader valve Explained The Schrader valve (also called American valve)is a brand of pneumatic tyre valve used on virtually every motor vehicle in the world today. The Schrader company, for which it was named, was founded in 1844 by August Schrader. The original Schrader valve design was ...
Self aligning torque
Car Self aligning torque explained Self aligning torque, also known as aligning torque, SAT, or Mz, is the torque that a tire creates as it rolls along, which tends to steer it, i.e. rotate it around its vertical axis. In the presence of a non-zero slip angle, this torque tends to steer the tire to ...
Skid resistance Road slipperiness
Car Skid resistance Road slipperiness explained Road slipperiness or skid resistance is the technical term for the cumulative effects of snow, ice, water, loose material and the road surface on the traction produced by the wheels of a vehicle. Road slipperiness can be measured either in terms of th ...
Snow chains
Snow chains Snow chains, or tire chains, are devices fitted to the tires of vehicles to provide maximum traction when driving through snow and ice. Snow chains are attached to the drive wheels of a vehicle. Chains are usually sold in pairs and must be purchased to match a particular tire size (tire ...
Tyre (tire) History
Automotive tyre (tire) History History The earliest tires were bands of iron (later steel), placed on wooden wheels, used on carts and wagons. The tire would be heated in a forge fire, placed over the wheel and quenched, causing the metal to contract and fit tightly on the wheel. A skilled worker, ...
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