Car Aquaplaning (hydroplaning) Explained Aquaplaning or hydroplaning by the tires of a road vehicle, aircraft or roller coaster occurs when a layer of water builds between the wheels of the vehicle a ...

Car Body roll explained On wheeled or tracked vehicles, body roll is a reference to the load transfer of a vehicle towards the outside of a turn. When a vehicle is fitted with a suspension package, i ...

Car Bump steer explained Bump steer or roll steer is the term for the tendency of the wheel of a car to steer as it moves upwards. It is typically measured in degrees of steer per metre of upwards mo ...

Vehicle Circle of forces explained The circle of forces, traction circle, friction circle, or friction ellipse is a useful way to think about the dynamic interaction between a vehicle's tire and the ...

Car Cornering (Lateral) force explained Tire tread element displacement and the resulting cornering force Cornering force or side force is the lateral (i.e. parallel to the road surface) force produc ...