Motor Car Guides : Maintenance & Problems tips Helpful hints
Guide
Helpful hints on maintaining your car. For classic & modern cars.
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BMW tyre pressures chart
BMW tyre pressures chart This chart should be used as a guideline only. Model Year-(MY) Torque (NM) Tyre Size Pressure Front (PSI) Pressure Rear (PSI) 1 Series (E81/82/87/88) 04 – 13 120 185/60R16 31 35 1 Series (E81/82/87/88) 04 – 13 120 195/55R16 31 35 1 Series (E81/82/87/88) 04 – 13 120 205/55R1 ...
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Bundorf analysis explained
Car Bundorf analysis explained A Bundorf analysis is a way of describing the characteristics of a vehicle that govern its understeer balance. The understeer is measured in units of degrees of additional yaw per g of lateral acceleration. Negative values are oversteering, positive values are underst ...
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H-point Explained
Car H-point Explained In vehicle design and especially automotive design, the H-point (or hip-point) is the theoretical, relative location of an occupant's hip, specifically the pivot point between the torso and upper leg portions of the body, either relative to the floor of the vehicleor relative ...
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Lotus Wheel Fitment Guide
Lotus Wheel Fitment PCD & Offsets Size Guide Model P.C.D. Lotus Eclat 4 x 114.3 Lotus Excel 4 x 114.3 Lotus Elite 4 x 114.3 Lotus Esprit (Pre 1981) 4 x 100 Lotus Esprit (From 1981) 5 x 120 Lotus Esprit 2, 3 (Pre 1984) 4 x 100 Lotus Esprit 2, 3 (From 1984) 5 x 120 Lotus Exige 4 x 100 Lotus Turbo 5 x ...
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Maserati ECU Upgrades
ECU Remapping for Maserati Guide to possible BHP and Torgue improvement, on Maserati cars with ECU remapping or upgrade. Model Variant Original BHP Tuning Performance 420 2.0 185 BHP Stage 1: ECU Remap +34 BHP +50 Nm Torque 420 S 2.0 205 BHP Stage 1: ECU Remap +33 BHP +55 Nm Torque Biturbo 2.8 250 ...
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Peugeot Wheel Fitment Guide
Peugeot Wheel Fitment Sizes Guide PCD & Offsets Model Year PCD Offset Bore 1007 05 on 4×108 20 to 25 65.1 106 3-Stud 91 on 3×98 5 to 10 55.1 106 4 Stud 91 on 4×108 15 to 20 65.1 106 GTI 96 on 4×108 13 to 18 65.1 107 05 on 4×100 35 to 45 54.1 205 / 309 84 to 99 4×108 15 to 20 65.1 206 98 on 4×108 20 ...
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Renault Wheel Fitment Guide
Renault Wheel Fitment Sizes Guide PCD & Offsets Model Year PCD Offset Bore Avantime 02 to 03 5×108 35 to 45 60.1 Clio MK1 1.2 to 1.8 90 to 98 4×100 35 to 38 60.1 Clio MK1 16S/Williams 90 to 98 4×100 35 to 38 60.1 Clio MK2 1.2 to 1.8 98 on 4×100 35 to 38 60.1 Clio MK2 16V/2.0 RS 99 on 4×100 35 to 38 ...
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Seat Wheel Fitment Guide
Seat Wheel Fitment Sizes Guide PCD & Offsets Model Year PCD Offset Bore Alhambra 96 on 5×112 35 to 45 57.1 Arosa 97 on 4×100 35 to 45 57.1 Cordoba MK1/MK2 93 to 02 4×100 35 to 45 57.1 Cordoba MK3 02 on 5×100 35 to 45 57.1 Ibiza 85 to 93 4×98 35 to 38 58.1 Ibiza 93 to 02 4×100 35 to 38 57.1 Ibiza 02 ...
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Self aligning torque
Car Self aligning torque explained Self aligning torque, also known as aligning torque, SAT, or Mz, is the torque that a tire creates as it rolls along, which tends to steer it, i.e. rotate it around its vertical axis. In the presence of a non-zero slip angle, this torque tends to steer the tire to ...
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semaphore signals (Trafficators)
Car semaphore signals (Trafficators) explained Trafficators are semaphore signals which, when operated, protrude from the bodywork of a motor vehicle to indicate its intention to turn in the direction indicated by the pointing signal. Trafficators are often located at the door pillar. History They ...
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Skoda Wheel Fitment Guide
Skoda Wheel Fitment Sizes Guide PCD & Offsets Model P.C.D. ET C.B. Škoda Favorit 4 x 100 35...38 57 Škoda Felicia 4 x 100 35...38 57 Škoda Forman 4 x 100 35...38 57 Škoda Octavia 5 x 100 35...38 57 Škoda Pick-up 4 x 100 35...38 57 Fabia 00> 5x100 35 to 42 57.1 Felicia 94 to 01 4x100 35 to 42 57.1 O ...
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TVR Wheel Fitment Guide
TVR Wheel Fitment Sizes Guide PCD & Offsets Model Year PCD Offset Bore Cerbera 95 on 5×114 35 to 45 71.5 Chimaera 4.0/5.0/V8 93 on 4×108 35 to 45 63.3 Chimaera 4.6 97 on 4×108 15 to 35 63.3 Griffith 92 on 4×108 15 to 35 63.3 Sagaris 01 on 5×114 35 to 45 70.1 T350C/T440R 02 on 5×114 35 to 45 70.1 Ta ...
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Unsprung weight (mass) explained
Car Unsprung weight (mass) explained In a ground vehicle with a suspension, the unsprung weight (or the unsprung mass) is the mass of the suspension, wheels or tracks (as applicable), and other components directly connected to them, rather than supported by the suspension. (The mass of the body and ...
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Vauxhall Wheel Fitment Guide
Vauxhall Wheel Fitment Sizes Guide PCD & Offsets Model Year PCD Offset Bore Astra 4 Stud 84 to 98 4×100 35 to 45 56.6 Astra 4 Stud 98 to 03 4×100 35 to 45 56.6 Astra 5 Stud 98 to 03 5×110 35 to 45 65.1 Astra Coupe 98 on 5×110 35 to 45 65.1 Astravan 98 on 5×110 35 to 45 65.1 Calibra 4 Stud 90 to 02 ...
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Volkswagen Wheel Fitment Guide
Volkswagen Wheel Fitment Sizes Guide PCD & Offsets Model P.C.D. ET Bore Volkswagen Bora 5 x 100 32...38 57 Volkswagen Caddy 4 x 100 32...38 57 Volkswagen Caravelle (upto 1990) 5 x 112 68 Volkswagen Caravelle (after 1990) 5 x 112 35...40 57 Volkswagen Corrado 4 x 100 32...38 57 Volkswagen Corrado VR ...
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Wheel alignment
Automotive Wheel alignment Wheel alignment, sometimes referred to as breaking or tracking, is part of standard automobile maintenance that consists of adjusting the angles of the wheels so that they are set to the car maker's specification. The purpose of these adjustments is to reduce tire wear, a ...
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